Law,Ethics,Computer Technology

Law

Law is a system of rules a society sets to maintain order and protect harm to persons and property. Law is ancient, dating back at least to the Code of Hammurabi, written by an ancient Babylonian king around 1760 BC. Today, most countries have tens or hundreds of thousands of pages of law. Laws are enforced by the police, supported by the court and prison systems. Laws are written by legislators, such as senators or congressmen. In America and many other countries, laws must uphold and not contradict the Constitution, a document outlining the most basic rules of the country.

Aside from law being a set of rules, the word also refers to the law as practiced by lawyers, who either prosecute or defend a client from an accusation of violating the law. Becoming a lawyer requires attending law school and passing a bar exam. This entitles the lawyer to a lawlicense. Only lawyers with a law license are allowed to practice law.

There are many categories of law. These include contract law, property law, trust law, tort law, criminal law, constitutional law, administrative law, and international law. Each of these sets the rules for a distinct area of human activity. Without laws, there is lawlessness, which historically has led to a general breakdown in society, sometimes to the point of a near-standstill in the economy. Those that advocate the abolition of all laws are called anarchists.

Ethics

Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions aboutmorality—that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice, etc.

Major branches of ethics include:

§  Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth-values(if any) may be determined;

§  Normative ethics, about the practical means of determining a moral course of action;

§  Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations;

§  Moral psychology, about how moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is;

§  Descriptive ethics, about what moral values people actually abide by.

Computer Technology

Computer science or computing science (abbreviated CS) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.^[1][2] Computer scientists invent algorithmic processes that create, describe, and transform information and formulate suitable abstractions to model complex systems.

Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computational complexity theory, study the properties of computational problems, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describe computations, whilecomputer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans.

The general public sometimes confuses computer science with careers that deal with computers (such as information technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and word-processing. However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement software such as games and web-browsers, and using that understanding to create new programs or improve existing ones